History of a Famous Diamond - The Hope Diamond

By Luo Fu Sheng on August 10, 2011
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One of the most famous diamonds in history, the Hope diamond, came from India and weighed 112 3/16 carats when it was acquired around 1642 by French merchant Jean Baptiste Tavernier, who was struck by its "beautiful violet" color. He sold it to the King of France, Louis XIV, who had it re-cut to a 67 1/8 carat stone which royal inventories thereafter listed as the Blue Diamond of the Crown of France. The blue diamond passed through ownership by French and British royalty,Cartier mens, famed jeweler Pierre Cartier, and U.S. socialites before it was purchased by jeweler Harry Winston along with the 94.8 carat Star of the East diamond, 1949. In 1958, Winston donated the Hope diamond to the Smithsonian Institution, where it quickly became a star attraction.

Resetting and re-cuttings over the centuries reduced the Hope diamond to its present 45.52 carats, 40% of its original size. Today, it is set in a spectacular pendant surrounded by sixteen white diamonds,Cartier love 18-carat yellow gold love ring, and still attracts countless admirers at the Smithsonian.

The Hope Diamond was long believed to have been cut from the French Blue, but this remained unconfirmed until a three-dimensional leaden model of the latter was recently rediscovered in the archives of the French Natural History Museum in Paris. Previously, the dimensions of the French Blue had been known only from two drawings made in 1749 and 1789; although the model slightly differs from the drawings in some details, these details are identical to features of the Hope Diamond, allowing CAD technology to digitally reconstruct the French Blue around the re-cut stone.

Many superlatives have been used to describe the hope diamond as a "superfine deep blue", often comparing it to the color of a fine sapphire "blue of the most beautiful blue sapphire". As colored diamond expert Stephen Hofer points out, blue diamond similar to the Hope can be shown by colorimetric measurements to be grayer than blue sapphires. In 1996, it was examined by using of proprietary scale, graded it fancy deep grayish blue. Visually, the gray modifier is so dark that it produces an "inky" effect appearing almost blackish-blue in incandescent light. Current photographs of the Hope utilize high-intensity light sources that tend to maximize the brilliance of gemstones.

Even jewelers who may have handled the Hope Diamond were not spared from its reputed malice: The insanity and suicide of Jacques Colot, who supposedly bought it from Eliason, and the financial ruin of the jeweler Simon Frankel, who bought it from the Hope family, were linked to the stone. But although he is documented as a French diamond dealer of the correct era, Colot has no recorded connection with the stone, and Frankel's misfortunes were in the midst of economic straits that also ruined many of his peers.

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Rolex Replica Watches An Adapted Gift For Ladies of Style

By Kitty Lee on May 16,Cartier pasha c discount sale, 2011
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The history of Rolex watches began with the amalgamation of Hans Wilsdorf and his brother-in-law Alfred Davis who began a watch accurate activity in 1905 in London. They began their "Rolex Watch Company" in Geneva, Switzerland and Wilsdorf acclimatized Rolex as his new trademark.

Rolex has been a beat accretion and was the ancient to accustom to the angel a waterproof watch case, a wristwatch with a date on the dial, and the adeptness to affectation two time zones. Rolex was one of the ancient ones to be circuitous in the accurate of quartz watches.

As an aspect of chichi and status, Rolex has been an able best a allotment of both men and women who acquire a amore for watches and ambition to accept abacus to their collection. For women, acid a watch is not just an emphasis to add to an outfit,Cartier Love Motif Bracelet in Rose Gold Plated, it is a signature aspect of actualization and sophistication. Women accede the aloft and bulk of an admirable watch.

The Datejust Adapted Edition accumulating of Rolex ladies watches is an classic aloft and beat design. This Adapted Edition is attainable in both 18ct craven gold and white gold. It is a self-winding wristwatch and is waterproof. Some complete actualization awning a date calendar and Cyclops magnifier. The armlet of this carefully crafted watch has been brash for affluence and affluence and has been created to be a complete fit for its wearer.

The DateJust Royal Atramentous is bogus from 18ct white gold and comes with either baguette sapphires or baguette adored stones in the bezel. Added Rolex ladies watches awning the Perpetual Accumulating which is attainable in either breathing or in breathing and white gold. The 31 mm is accretion signature Rolex ladies watch that comes in steel, or a accumulated of breathing and white and breathing and craven gold. There is the Lady-Date just, the Air-King, the Day-Date and added aberrant collections and ambit of Rolex watches for women

The Rolex accretion is accustomed for its self-winding Oyster movement which is abominable reliable and provides aloft and connected appellation performance. All Rolex watches amore a date calendar and are admit resistant. Rolex has been a beat cast of affluence and approval adequate performance. Rolex watches are crafted with adapted attention, befitting in apperception the needs of the getting acid the watch.

Wearing a Replica Rolex ladies watch adds chichi and accordance to a woman's actualization style. There are watches that are afflicted and burnished while others are added admirable and glamorous. Any woman can achieve a able annual about herself by acid a Rolex wrist watch in any of the collections attainable with Rolex. A woman abominable affluence and top end accessories will accretion her complete bender by analytic the able collections of Rolex ladies watches.

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Perfect replicas of wellknown watches such as Rolex cartier chopard on watchreplicahome.com

By Haitang Yu on March 17,C Hearts of Cartier Necklace in Stainless steel with 14k Rose Go, 2011
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Maybe you've never considered looking at watches for sale because you don't think they match your style aesthetic. Maybe you're shopping for an updated watch to replace your classic accessory staple. Either way, you're sure to find something you love with the latest watch styles made to reflect both the current trends and your unique personality. Keep reading to find out all about the new trends in watches for sale, so you can pick the watches replica that best suits you. New Watch Trends: Antique watches. What's old is new again with stylish antique-inspired watches. Mother-of-pearl inlay and aged silver faces are the defining characteristics of these sophisticated timepieces, but there are many options to choose from. Several current watches for sale feature antique styling, so it's easy to pick out one that fits your personality. Try an antique watch if your style calls for a unique accessory or you have an appreciation for all things old-fashioned. Silicone watches. Don't be scared away by the word "silicone," as these watches are anything but phony. For a sports watch that moves with you and won't be damaged by the elements, try a silicone watch. Silicone Cartier Tank Replica Watches are generally brightly colored and allow you to add a splash of playfulness into your jewelry wardrobe. The addition of crystals or cubic zirconia make silicone watches even more fun. For a more subdued look, try a black or white silicone watch that matches anything and still makes a statement. Menswear-inspired watches. Women's apparel inspired by the classic tailoring and oversized fit of men's clothing is super hot right now, so check out menswear-inspired watches to add a bit of trendy style to all your existing outfits. Many of these watches for sale feature large faces and chunky stainless steel bands that were made to look hefty, while still fitting a woman's wrist. For a luxury watch that still shows off your fashion sensibility, check out designer watches that embrace this style. Charm watches. If you're hesitant about picking up a traditional watch, charm watches may be just right for you. These Cartier Santos Replica Watches come in several styles but all have one thing in common: They pair the fashion potential of a bracelet with the functionality of a watch. Look for a dress watch with a single sterling silver charm that delicately hangs from the band, or check out watches with toggle closures and multiple charms that can be added or taken off depending on your mood and outfit. Modern watches do so much more than tell you the current time: They have stopwatches, calendars and many other practical features. A chronograph watch offers several methods of measuring time, and most people will want at least one of these watches in their collection. Ladies chronograph watches and men's chronograph watches are generally considered sport watches, but a chronograph is useful in many different situations. This chronograph watch buying guide defines the many functions available in chronograph watches so you can make an informed buying decision. Buying Chronograph Watches: The basics: A chronograph watch is a timepiece that offers more than one way to measure time; however, there are many functions available in chronograph timepieces. Chronograph Cartier Roadster Replica Watches are available in many designs, including luxury, casual and sport watches. Men's chronograph watches are more common,Cartier Panther de Cartier Necklace in White Gold Plated with Diamon, yet ladies chronograph watches are also widely available. The most easily identifiable chronograph watches have three subdials set into the main dial. The subdials display the stopwatch and other extra functions. Chronometers and chronographs: These two terms are very similar, and they both apply to watches and time, but they mean very different things. A chronograph watch has multiple functions for measuring time, and a chronometer is a certification of accuracy. A chronometer timepiece has been tested for accuracy by a Swiss laboratory, the Controle Officiel Suisse des Chronometres [COSC]. Timepieces qualifying as chronometers are accurate to 5 seconds per day and include a COSC certification number. Additional features: The chronograph Cartier Pasha Replica Watch is a timepiece that features more than one method of measuring time and includes a stopwatch function. Many watches feature multiple functions, but may not necessarily be chronograph watches; for example, a watch may have several alarms, but no timekeeping function beyond displaying the current time. On the other hand, many multifunction watches do combine chronograph functions with other features. You may choose a chronograph watch with a second time-zone dial and a moon-phase function. Style: Chronograph watches are considered sport watches, but they are not limited to one style. For office and casual wear, stainless steel and titanium watches are durable and attractive. Watches with fine leather straps are also available with chronograph features; leather watchbands can be dressy or casual. Outdoor enthusiasts may prefer the durability and style of rubber straps. Cartier La Dona Replica Watches with a colorful dial may add style to your wardrobe while a chronograph watch with a gold case can enhance your luxury watch collection.

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Cambridge Approach To Money Demand

By Kitty Lee on July 13, 2010
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While Fisher was developing his quantity theory approach to the demand for money, a group of classical economists in Cambridge, England,buy Cartier, which included Alfred Marshall and A. C. Pigou, were studying the same topic. Although their analysis led them to an equation identical to Fisher's money demand equation (Md = k x PY), their approach differed significantly. Instead of studying the demand for money by looking solely at the level of transactions and the institutions that affect the way people conduct transactions as the Breitling Replica key determinants, the Cambridge economists asked how much money individuals would want to hold, given a set of circumstances. In the Cambridge model,Cartier love bracelet 18-carat pink gold diamonds, then, individuals are allowed some flexibility in their decision to hold money and are not completely bound by institutional constraints such as whether they can use credit cards to make purchases. Accordingly, the Cambridge approach did not rule out the effects of interest rates on the demand for money.

The classical Cambridge economists recognized that two properties of money motivate people to want to hold it: its utility as a medium of exchange and as a store of wealth.

Because it is a medium of exchange, people can use money to carry out transactions. The Cambridge economists agreed with Fisher that the demand for money would be related to (but not determined solely by) the level of transactions and that there would be a transactions component of money demand proportional to nominal income.

That money also functions as a store of wealth led the Cambridge economists to suggest that the level of people's wealth also affects the demand for money. As wealth grows, an individual needs to store it by holding a larger quantity of assets — one of which is money. Because the Cambridge economists believed that wealth in nominal terms is proportional to nominal income, they also believed that the wealth component of money demand is proportional to nominal income.

The Cambridge economists concluded that the demand for money would be proportional to nominal income and expressed the demand for money function as where k is the constant of proportionality. Because this equation looks just like Fisher's (Equation 3), it would seem that the Cambridge group agreed with Fisher that interest rates play no role in the demand for money in the short run. However, that is not the case.

Although the Cambridge economists often treated k as a constant and agreed with Fisher that nominal income is determined by the quantity of money, their approach allowed Omega Replica individuals to choose how much money they wished to hold. It allowed for the possibility that k could fluctuate in the short run because the decisions about using money to store wealth would depend on the yields and expected returns on other assets that also function as stores of wealth. If these characteristics of other assets changed, k might change too. Although this seems a minor distinction between the Fisher and Cambridge approaches, you will see that when John Maynard Keynes (a later Cambridge economist) extended the Cambridge approach, he arrived at a very different view from the quantity theorists on the importance of interest rates to the demand for money.

To summarize, both Irving Fisher and the Cambridge economists developed a classical approach to the demand for money in which the demand for money is proportional to income. However, the two approaches differ in that Fisher's emphasized technological factors and ruled out any possible effect of interest rates on the demand for money in the short run, whereas the Cambridge approach emphasized individual choice and did not rule out the effects of interest rates.

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The Signs of The Zodiac

By Xu Ying on December 22, 2010
0 In astrolog the signs of the zodiac is synonymous with the directions of universe and represent 12 kinds of the basic character, a prototype was born, the stars into the position on that, it is a man's congenital character and ability. The signs of zodiac psychological reflect an individual's behavior of the way. The zodiac is divided into twelve, called the twelve signs. They are Aries, Gemini, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Aquarius, Cancer, Capricorns, Pisces, Taurus, Sagittarius. The advantages of the signs of zodiac Aries: hopeful, amiable, and power, energy, sincere, natural ability and courage Taurus : romantic, determination and logic thinking, studious, cunning, enthusiasm and tolerance of diversity Gemini :, insight, open-minded, reflect the wit and skillful good, wide and charm, the fickle Cancers: the sixth sense, subjective, and good, imagination, cautious, dedication, persistence Lion: Pride, charitable, rights, and protect other people, loyalty Virgo: clockwork, services and taste, perfect, modest, with a clear, practical Libra: idealism, justice, pursue, social finesse, aesthetics, charm, art, beauty, strength and Scorpio:mysterious, logical, rational decisions ability, independence, intuition, laws, dedication and observation Sagittarius : reason, bravery and careful Capricorn: superiority, intelligent, practical, ambition, reliable and perseverance, broad, positive Aquarius: innovative, tolerance and aspirations and vision, love and charity, and independent Piscesï:voluntary and nice, platonic love, and fantasy, dedication and sacrifice kind and good temper The disadvantages of the signs of the zodiac Aries:childish and headstrong, war – like Taurus:prejudice and rely on the incident, stubborn and his winning the heart, my heart is too soft, stubborn Gemini: nervous, yea, character, a capricious, and all mouth and slothful Cancers: lust, covetousness, possessiveness, sensitive, feelings, emotional and independent, greed Leo: arrogance, vanity and surrender, wasted, wayward, satisfaction and pride, picky Virgo: nervous and fawning on earth, the tiny, very inquisitive, profess Libra: temptation, and hesitated, from love and devotion, perfunctory and free, laziness and love of show Scorpio: suspicious, the blind, complex and too active, possessiveness, extreme Sagittarius: infirm of purpose,cartier love bracelet price increase 2011, no, no and no foresight and careless and love of show Capricorn: obstinate, and hedonistic, alone, not flexible, fancying Aquarius:cruel, do not obey, jump to a liberal, and thought and action Pisces:ahead, with difficulty and weak, indecisive,cartier love necklace cost, and not practical

How to find your potential? How to use your own advantage to win the competition? How to choose your career? How to create a harmonious interpersonal relationship? What emerged as leaders? Know some secret about the signs of the zodiac will help you know and understand yourself then acquire successful life.

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